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    User Contributed Notes 16 notes

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    225
    turabgarip at gmail dot com
    7 years ago
    About searcing in multi-dimentional arrays; two notes on "xfoxawy at gmail dot com";

    It perfectly searches through multi-dimentional arrays combined with array_column() (min php 5.5.0) but it may not return the values you'd expect.

    <?php array_search($needle, array_column($array, 'key')); ?>

    Since array_column() will produce a resulting array; it won't preserve your multi-dimentional array's keys. So if you check against your keys, it will fail.

    For example;

    <?php
    $people     = array(
    2 => array(
    'name' => 'John',
    'fav_color' => 'green'
    ),
    5=> array(
    'name' => 'Samuel',
    'fav_color' => 'blue'
    )
    );

    $found_key = array_search('blue', array_column($people, 'fav_color'));
    ?>

    Here, you could expect that the $found_key would be "5" but it's NOT. It will be 1. Since it's the second element of the produced array by the array_column() function.

    Secondly, if your array is big, I would recommend you to first assign a new variable so that it wouldn't call array_column() for each element it searches. For a better performance, you could do;

    <?php
    $colors     = array_column($people, 'fav_color');
    $found_key = array_search('blue', $colors);
    ?>
    up
    51
    cue at openxbox dot com
    21 years ago
    If you are using the result of array_search in a condition statement, make sure you use the === operator instead of == to test whether or not it found a match. Otherwise, searching through an array with numeric indicies will result in index 0 always getting evaluated as false/null. This nuance cost me a lot of time and sanity, so I hope this helps someone. In case you don't know what I'm talking about, here's an example:

    <?php
    $code     = array("a", "b", "a", "c", "a", "b", "b"); // infamous abacabb mortal kombat code :-P

    // this is WRONG
    while (($key = array_search("a", $code)) != NULL)
    {
    // infinite loop, regardless of the unset
    unset($code[$key]);
    }

    // this is _RIGHT_
    while (($key = array_search("a", $code)) !== NULL)
    {
    // loop will terminate
    unset($code[$key]);
    }
    ?>
    up
    29
    stefano@takys dot it
    13 years ago
    for searching case insensitive better this:

    <?php
    array_search    (strtolower($element),array_map('strtolower',$array));
    ?>
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    14
    RichGC
    18 years ago
    To expand on previous comments, here are some examples of
    where using array_search within an IF statement can go
    wrong when you want to use the array key thats returned.

    Take the following two arrays you wish to search:

    <?php
    $fruit_array     = array("apple", "pear", "orange");
    $fruit_array = array("a" => "apple", "b" => "pear", "c" => "orange");

    if (    $i = array_search("apple", $fruit_array))
    //PROBLEM: the first array returns a key of 0 and IF treats it as FALSE

    if (is_numeric($i = array_search("apple", $fruit_array)))
    //PROBLEM: works on numeric keys of the first array but fails on the second

    if ($i = is_numeric(array_search("apple", $fruit_array)))
    //PROBLEM: using the above in the wrong order causes $i to always equal 1

    if ($i = array_search("apple", $fruit_array) !== FALSE)
    //PROBLEM: explicit with no extra brackets causes $i to always equal 1

    if (($i = array_search("apple", $fruit_array)) !== FALSE)
    //YES: works on both arrays returning their keys
    ?>
    up
    8
    thinbegin at gmail dot com
    6 years ago
    Despite PHP's amazing assortment of array functions and juggling maneuvers, I found myself needing a way to get the FULL array key mapping to a specific value. This function does that, and returns an array of the appropriate keys to get to said (first) value occurrence.

    function array_recursive_search_key_map($needle, $haystack) {
    foreach($haystack as $first_level_key=>$value) {
    if ($needle === $value) {
    return array($first_level_key);
    } elseif (is_array($value)) {
    $callback = array_recursive_search_key_map($needle, $value);
    if ($callback) {
    return array_merge(array($first_level_key), $callback);
    }
    }
    }
    return false;
    }

    usage example:
    -------------------

    $nested_array = $sample_array = array(
    'a' => array(
    'one' => array ('aaa' => 'apple', 'bbb' => 'berry', 'ccc' => 'cantalope'),
    'two' => array ('ddd' => 'dog', 'eee' => 'elephant', 'fff' => 'fox')
    ),
    'b' => array(
    'three' => array ('ggg' => 'glad', 'hhh' => 'happy', 'iii' => 'insane'),
    'four' => array ('jjj' => 'jim', 'kkk' => 'kim', 'lll' => 'liam')
    ),
    'c' => array(
    'five' => array ('mmm' => 'mow', 'nnn' => 'no', 'ooo' => 'ohh'),
    'six' => array ('ppp' => 'pidgeon', 'qqq' => 'quail', 'rrr' => 'rooster')
    )
    );

    $search_value = 'insane';

    $array_keymap = array_recursive_search_key_map($search_value, $nested_array);

    var_dump($array_keymap);
    // Outputs:
    // array(3) {
    // [0]=>
    // string(1) "b"
    // [1]=>
    // string(5) "three"
    // [2]=>
    // string(3) "iii"
    //}

    ----------------------------------------------

    But again, with the above solution, PHP again falls short on how to dynamically access a specific element's value within the nested array. For that, I wrote a 2nd function to pull the value that was mapped above.

    function array_get_nested_value($keymap, $array)
    {
    $nest_depth = sizeof($keymap);
    $value = $array;
    for ($i = 0; $i < $nest_depth; $i++) {
    $value = $value[$keymap[$i]];
    }

    return $value;
    }

    usage example:
    -------------------
    echo array_get_nested_value($array_keymap, $nested_array); // insane
    up
    11
    maciej at speccode dot com
    8 years ago
    FYI, remember that strict mode is something that might save you hours.

    If you're searching for a string and you have a "true" boolean on the way - you will get it as result (first occurrence). Example below:

    <?php

    $arr     = [
    'foo' => 'bar',
    'abc' => 'def',
    'bool' => true,
    'target' => 'xyz'
    ];

    var_dump( array_search( 'xyz', $arr ) ); //bool
    var_dump( array_search( 'xyz', $arr, true ) ); //target

    ?>
    up
    5
    opencart dot ocfilter at gmail dot com
    2 years ago
    Be careful!

    <?php

    var_dump    (array_search('needle', [ 0 => 0 ])); // int(0) (!)

    var_dump(array_search('needle', [ 0 => 0 ], true)); // bool(false)

    ?>

    But, in php 8

    <?php

    var_dump    (array_search('needle', [ 0 => 0 ])); // bool(false)

    ?>
    up
    3
    azaozz, gmail
    15 years ago
    Expanding on the comment by hansen{}cointel.de:

    When searching for a string and the array contains 0 (zero), the string is casted to (int) by the type-casting which is always 0 (perhaps the opposite is the proper behaviour, the array value 0 should have been casted to string). That produces unexpected results if strict comparison is not used:

    <?php
    $a     = array(0, "str1", "str2", "str3");
    echo     "
    str1 = "    .array_search("str1", $a).",
    str2 = "    .array_search("str2", $a).",
    str3 = "    .array_search("str3", $a).",

    str1 strict = "    .array_search("str1", $a, true).",
    str2 strict = "    .array_search("str2", $a, true).",
    str3 strict = "    .array_search("str3", $a, true);
    ?>

    This will return:
    str1 = 0, str2 = 0, str3 = 0, str1 strict = 1, str2 strict = 2, str3 strict = 3
    up
    4
    codeslinger at compsalot dot com
    14 years ago
    one thing to be very aware of is that array_search() will fail if the needle is a string and the array itself contains values that are mixture of numbers and strings. (or even a string that looks like a number)

    The problem is that unless you specify "strict" the match is done using == and in that case any string will match a numeric value of zero which is not what you want.

    -----

    also, php can lookup an index pretty darn fast. for many scenarios, it is practical to maintain multiple arrays, one in which the index of the array is the search key and the normal array that contains the data.

    <?php

    $normal    [$index] = array('key'=>$key, 'data'=>'foo');
    $inverse[$key] = $index;

    //very fast lookup, this beats any other kind of search

    if (array_key_exists($key, $inverse))
    {
    $index = $inverse[$key];
    return     $normal[$index];
    }

    ?>
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    1
    yasien dot dwieb at gmail dot com
    4 years ago
    Beware when using array_search to a mix of string and integer where prefixes of keys may collide, as in my case I have encountered the following situation:

    Assume you have the following array:
    <?php
    $arr     = [
    1 => 'index 0',
    2 => 'index 1',
    3 => 'index 2',
    '3anothersuffix' => 'index 3'
    ];

    $index1 = array_search('3', array_keys($arr)); // 2
    $index2 = array_search('3anothersuffix', array_keys($arr)); //2
    ?>

    $index1 and $index2 will be the same

    after using strict type search:

    <?php
    $index1     = array_search('3', array_keys($arr), true); // false
    $index2 = array_search('3anothersuffix', array_keys($arr), true); //3
    ?>

    it will not find $index1 at all while returning a correct value for $index2;
    up
    2
    andreas dot damm at maxmachine dot de
    16 years ago
    Combining syntax of array_search() and functionality of array_keys() to get all key=>value associations of an array with the given search-value:
    <?php
    function array_search_values( $m_needle, $a_haystack, $b_strict = false){
    return     array_intersect_key( $a_haystack, array_flip( array_keys( $a_haystack, $m_needle, $b_strict)));
    }
    ?>

    Usage:
    <?php
    $array1     = array( 'pre'=>'2', 1, 2, 3, '1', '2', '3', 'post'=>2);
    print_r( array_search_values( '2', $array1));
    print_r( array_search_values( '2', $array1, true));
    print_r( array_search_values( 2, $array1, true));
    ?>

    Will return:
    array(4) {
    ["pre"] =>
    string(1) "2"
    [1] =>
    int(2)
    [4] =>
    string(1) "2"
    ["post"] =>
    int(2)
    }
    array(2) {
    ["pre"] =>
    string(1) "2"
    [4] =>
    string(1) "2"
    }
    array(2) {
    [1] =>
    int(2)
    ["post"] =>
    int(2)
    }
    up
    6
    n-regen
    15 years ago
    If you only know a part of a value in an array and want to know the complete value, you can use the following function:
    <?php
    function array_find($needle, $haystack)
    {
    foreach (    $haystack as $item)
    {
    if (    strpos($item, $needle) !== FALSE)
    {
    return     $item;
    break;
    }
    }
    }
    ?>
    The function returns the complete first value of $haystack that contains $needle.
    up
    0
    nordseebaer at gmx dot de
    4 years ago
    It's really important to check the return value is not false! I used array_search() to determine the index of an value to unset this value and then realized that $arr[false] === $arr[0] !

    <?php
    $arr     = ['apple', 'banana'];

    var_dump($arr[0] === 'apple'); // true
    var_dump($arr[false] === $arr[0]); // true
    var_dump($arr[false] === 'apple'); // true

    unset($arr[array_search('banana', $arr)]); //index = 1
    var_dump($arr);

    // result
    // array(1) {
    // [0]=>
    // string(5) "apple"
    // }

    unset($arr[array_search('peach', $arr)]); //not found, result is false
    var_dump($arr);

    // result
    // array(0) {
    // }
    // because $arr[false] === $arr[0]
    ?>

    So always check the return of array_search!
    up
    0
    stooshie at gmail dot com
    12 years ago
    Example of a recursive binary search that returns the index rather than boolean.
    <?php
    // returns the index of needle in haystack
    function binSearch($needle, $haystack)
    {
    // n is only needed if counting depth of search
    global $n;
    $n++;
    // get the length of passed array
    $l = count($haystack);
    // if length is 0, problem
    if($l <= 0)
    {
    return -    1;
    }
    // get the mid element
    $m = (($l+($l%2))/2);
    // if mid >= length (e.g. l=1)
    if($m >= $l)
    {
    $m = $m-1;
    }
    // get the indexed element to compare to the passed element and branch accordingly
    $compare = $haystack[$m];
    switch(    true)
    {
    case(    $compare>$needle):
    {
    // recurse on the lower half
    $new_haystack = array_slice($haystack, 0, $m);
    $c = count($new_haystack);
    $r = binSearch($needle, $new_haystack);
    // return current index - (length of lower half - found index in lower half)
    return $m - ($c - $r);
    break;
    }
    case(    $compare<$needle):
    {
    // recurse on the upper half
    $new_haystack = array_slice($haystack, $m, ($l-$m));
    $c = count($new_haystack);
    $r = binSearch($needle, $new_haystack);
    // return current position + found index in upper half
    return $m + $r;
    break;
    }
    case(    $compare==$needle):
    {
    // found it, so return index
    return $m;
    break;
    }
    }
    }
    ?>
    up
    -1
    helenadeus at gmail dot com
    15 years ago
    I was trying to use array_search to retrieve all the values that match a given needle, but it turns out only the first match key is returned. I built this little function, which works just like array_search, but returns all the keys that match a given needle instead. The output is an array.

    <?php

    $haystack     = array('a','b','a','b');

    $needle = 'a';

    print_r(array_search_all($needle, $haystack));

    //Output will be
    // Array
    // (
    // [0]=>1
    // [1]=>3
    // )

    function array_search_all($needle, $haystack)
    {    #array_search_match($needle, $haystack) returns all the keys of the values that match $needle in $haystack

    foreach ($haystack as $k=>$v) {

    if(    $haystack[$k]==$needle){

    $array[] = $k;
    }
    }
    return (    $array);


    }

    ?>
    up
    -2
    kermes [at] thesevens [dot] net
    16 years ago
    A variation of previous searches that returns an array of keys that match the given value:

    <?php
    function array_ksearch($array, $str)
    {
    $result = array();
    for(    $i = 0; $i < count($array); next($array), $i++)
    if(    strtolower(current($array)) == strtolower($str))
    array_push($result, key($array);

    return     $result;
    }
    ?>

    Usage would be as follows:
    <?php
    $testArray     = array('one' => 'test1', 'two' => 'test2', 'three' => 'test1', 'four' => 'test2', 'five' => 'test1');
    print_r(array_ksearch($testArray, 'test1'));
    ?>
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